LedgerGov.UK

Public money and promises, one ledger per country or place, on the same open engine.

Made by Pavel Guzhikov, guzh.uk

Annual statement for 2025-26, based on the ONS outturn, October 2026 release

Where £1,366bn of public money went, and where it came from

Taxes and other income covered £1,231bn. The other £134bn was borrowed, so every new promise either takes money from somewhere else or adds to that line.

Income
£1,231bnSourcedTaken from an official release, linked.ONS Public sector finances, UK (PUSF time series dataset)
taxes and other receipts
Spending
£1,366bnSourcedTaken from an official release, linked.ONS Public sector finances, UK (PUSF time series dataset)
all public spending
Borrowed
£134bnSourcedTotal spending minus receipts (PSF-2026-10). Published borrowing for 2025-26: 134.2bn.ONS Public sector finances, UK (PUSF time series dataset)
9.8p of every £1 spent
Debt
£2.9tnSourcedPSND ex, £bn: end-March 2026 value of ONS CDID HF6W.ONS Public sector finances, UK (PUSF time series dataset)
93.2% of GDP in 2025-26
Debt interest
£109bnEstimateCentral government debt interest net of the APF (OBR definition): ONS CG interest payable (NMFX, 96.8bn) minus APF net interest receivable (MDD8, -11.8bn), summed April 2025 to March 2026.ONS Public sector finances, UK (PUSF time series dataset)
8.0p of every £1 spent
Bank Rate
3.75%SourcedTaken from an official release, linked.Official Bank Rate (IADB series IUDBEDR) and MPC dates
since 18 Dec 2025

The statement

Income on the left, spending on the right. The hatched band is borrowing. Move any lever and the flows redraw.

Outturn
IncomeBorrowing and debt interestSpending

Where it came from

  • Income tax£329bn
  • National Insurance£204bn
  • VAT£180bn
  • Corporation tax£100bn
  • Council tax£50.4bn
  • Business rates£30.3bn
  • Fuel duty£24.6bn
  • Capital gains tax£24.3bn
  • Stamp duties£21.4bn
  • Alcohol & tobacco£19.9bn
  • Inheritance tax£8.5bn
  • Non-tax income£129bn
  • Other taxes£109bn
  • Borrowing£134bn
Total spending£1,366bn

Where it went

  • Social protection£407bn
  • Health£258bn
  • Education£126bn
  • Debt interest£109bn
  • Transport & economy£94bn
  • Defence£65.4bn
  • Police, courts, prisons£55.7bn
  • Housing & environment£41.6bn
  • Running government£35bn
  • Culture & sport£15.1bn
  • Accounting adjustments£160bn
SourcedTotals, borrowing and debt interest: ONS Public sector finances, UK (PUSF time series dataset).Borrowing so far this year, month by month, against the forecastEstimateAccounting adjustments reconcile spending by function with total spending.
Your scenario against today, year one

No changes yet

Borrowing, per year
£0bn
no change
Per household, per year
£0
no change
29m householdsSourcedSourcedONS Families and households, UK, 2025 (FH-2026-04).ONS Families and households in the UK
Prices (CPI), one-off
0.0pp
no change
Bank of England estimateEstimateOne-off rise in the CPI level per 1 point on the standard rate of VAT. The Bank of England estimated that the January 2011 rise from 17.5% to 20% added 0.7, about 1 and 1.4 percentage points to CPI inflation if half, three quarters (its central case) or all of it reached prices; divided by the 2.5-point rise, that is 0.28 (low), 0.40 (central) and 0.56 (high). VAT applies to around two thirds of the CPI basket. The ONS measured about 0.76 points for the same rise (0.30 per point) in the month it took effect. The effect drops out of annual inflation after about 12 months.Bank of England: Inflation Report, February 2012, section 4 (the effect of the January 2011 VAT rise on CPI)
GDP, year one
0.00%
no change
OBR multipliersEstimateOBR first-year fiscal multipliers: a change worth 1% of GDP moves real GDP by 0.45% for day-to-day public services, 0.6% for welfare and 1% for investment (October 2024 EFO, FOI table 1.1), so spending runs from 0.45 (low) through 0.6 (central) to 1.0 (high). Tax: 0.33 in the OBR's current single multiplier (central), and 0.3 for income tax and National Insurance and 0.35 for VAT in its earlier published framework (low and high; OBR fiscal multipliers box). The sandbox applies one spending and one tax multiplier to every lever, so the result is an approximation; the OBR also tapers multipliers to zero over five years. Year-1 GDP effect = (spending multiplier × Δ non-interest spending − tax multiplier × Δ tax) / GDP.OBR: Fiscal multipliers used in the October 2024 Economic and fiscal outlook (FOI reply, 3 Dec 2024), table 1.1

Public debt, % of GDP. Dashed: the OBR forecast. Solid: your scenario, with its low–high band.

92%94%96%98%25/2626/2727/2828/2929/3030/3195.1%

What moved

  • Move a lever or pick a proposal. Every result shows a low–high range.

Your share of the bill

Income tax and National Insurance on a salary, under today's rates or your scenario, split the way the state spends it.

Stays on this device. We never see it.
Income tax
£5,086
National Insurance
£2,034
You pay a year
£7,120

Excludes VAT, council tax and other taxes you also pay. Rates for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2026-27.SourcedSourcedGOV.UK 'Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances' and HMRC 'Rates and thresholds for employers' for 2026-27. The allowance falls by £1 for every £2 above the taper threshold, as GOV.UK states. National Insurance rates apply across the UK; Scotland sets its own income tax bands.

Your tax receipt: the same split as a till receipt, in pounds and pence, to share as a picture.

  • Social protection£2,124
  • Health£1,343
  • Accounting adjustments£832
  • Education£656
  • Debt interest£566
  • Transport & economy£490
  • Defence£341
  • Police, courts, prisons£291
  • Housing & environment£217
  • Running government£183
  • Culture & sport£78
  • Plus borrowing on top£776

People like me

How your scenario changes the income of an example household, worked out by PolicyEngine. Your choices stay on this device.

Move a tax or benefit lever in the sandbox, such as VAT or income tax, then choose “Show who gains and loses” under your scenario. Go to the sandbox

Population and long-term spending →How many people of working age there will be for each person over pension age, in the ONS projections, and what that does to age-related spending in the OBR's.